FROM CLICKS TO PROGRESS: Emmanuel Gona’s Digital Pathways To Environmental Progress

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On this International Youth Day 2024, themed "From Clicks to Progress: Youth Digital Pathways for Sustainable Development," we take a moment to celebrate an exemplary youth leader whose impact extends far beyond digital platforms. Emmanuel Gona, a dynamic force in Kilifi County, epitomizes the power of digital engagement in fostering sustainable development and community empowerment. Emmanuel Gona, the convener of Kilifi Youth on The Move (KYOM), has emerged as a beacon of hope and change. His multifaceted role as a presenter on Vito Africa, communication coordinator at KCCGP, and a professional teacher has showcases his diverse talents and commitment to education. His influence is not confined to traditional methods; Emmanuel harnesses the digital realm, especially his presence on X, to amplify his message and inspire a generation. As an environmental and climate change youth champion, Emmanuel Gona’s initiatives resonate deeply with this year's theme.  He has spearheade...
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CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF RADICALIZATION IN KENYA

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Image showing street riot from Freepik 

On 21st September 2013, the Westgate Mall in Nairobi was attacked by masked gunmen later identified as Al-shabaab militants which is an Islamist terror organization based in Somalia. According to the Kenyan Red Cross, during the siege the official death toll rose to 62 overnight. The Times of Israel online Newspaper reported that a witness who was in the aisles of Nakumatt supermarket, inside the Westgate mall said, the attackers asked people to name the mother of the prophet and recite a religious verse. If you knew the answers, they would let you go.

Another survivor, a 31-year old Jewish businessman who was also hiding in one of the rooms with others, says that one of the women amongst them had received a text message from her husband stating that people were being asked to recite an Arabic prayer called Shahaada.

Two months later following the attack, four individuals of Somali nationality were charged by a Kenyan court for being associated in planning the incident.

Ten years later, 500km away from Westgate, Pastor Paul Mackenzie in Malindi Kilifi County, through his radical teachings convinced followers to go without food claiming that this was the fastest way to meet Jesus. A statement by the Coast Regional Commissioner Rhoda Onyancha on 17th July 2023, stated that the number of deaths had risen to 403 with 613 other people reported missing at the Red Cross offices in Malindi.

According to Salema, a witness survivor interviewed by the BBC on 18th May, the pastor's main teaching was for people to boycott hospitals because Pastor Mackenzie claimed that the doctors served a different type of god. Also, Education was evil and people were not allowed to go to school. Pst Mackenzie preached to followers that the world was coming to an end and the fastest way to go to heaven was through fasting to death.

If we keenly look at these two incidents, they point towards negative influences and distorted interpretations of the religion. Why kill people? Why help terrorists to kill? Why risk your life or die because somebody convinced you to? In this article, we look at the causes of radicalization and its effects.


What Is Radicalization?

Radicalization is when someone starts believing in really extreme ideas or views, often different from what most people think. It can happen in politics, religion, or other areas, and sometimes it leads to them supporting or doing extreme actions.


What Are The Causes of Radicalization? 

People can be radicalized for various reasons, often stemming from a combination of social, economic, political, and personal factors. Let's take a look at 5 main factors that can be the forces behind the radicalization of individuals or groups.

Social Alienation- When individuals feel disconnected or marginalized from mainstream society, they may seek alternative communities that offer a sense of belonging, purpose, and identity.

Image showing discrimination and social alienation from Freepik 

Radical groups often exploit these feelings of alienation, providing a seemingly inclusive environment where individuals believe they can make a meaningful impact.

Economic Factors- Individuals experiencing economic hardship, Inequality, lack of opportunities, and even unemployment can become victimized as they tend to seek solutions outside the established systems. 

Political Grievances-  When individuals or groups feel oppressed, or disillusioned with the political system, they may turn to radical ideologies as a means of expressing dissent or seeking change. This is usually fueled by the spread and exposure to extremist propaganda.

Religious or Ideological influence- It's difficult to differentiate between mainstream interpretations of beliefs and extremist interpretations. Most religious entities provide a strong sense of identity and belonging, have Charismatic leaders, and the motivation of the desire for salvation and redemption can make people believe that radical actions align with religious or ideological principles and will lead to a better future.

Social Media- Social media can also be a significant contributing factor to radicalization due to its influence in disseminating information, connecting like-minded individuals, and providing a platform for extremist propaganda. Extremist groups actively use social media algorithms to identify and reach potential recruits based on their online behaviors and interests.


Effects of Radicalization.

Image showing migration and distruction from Freepik 

The effects of radicalization can be profound and wide-ranging, impacting individuals, communities, and societies. These effects can include:

  • Violence and terrorism 

  • Social divisions 

  • Loss of human lives

  • Economic disruptions and 

  • Psychological distress to the extent of individuals fearing to express their beliefs.


Conclusion 

The causes and effects of radicalization are interconnected, reflecting a complex web of social, economic, political, religious, and psychological factors. Understanding radicalization is not merely an academic exercise but a crucial step toward developing effective preventive strategies. It requires a holistic approach that addresses root causes, promotes inclusivity, and fosters resilience within communities. Initiatives should extend beyond security measures to encompass education, economic opportunities, and mental health support.


By Madaraka Katana

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